Vaccines Global Summit

The subunit vaccines, or protein-based vaccines, are one of the types of vaccines. These vaccines consist of proteins or parts of proteins from a virus or bacterium that could induce infection and thus trigger a protective response in the immune system. They do not carry live pathogens, making them safer for individuals whose immune systems are weakened. Protein-based vaccines have been shown to be effective in preventing diseases such as hepatitis B and human papillomavirus, among others, and are one of the key tools used in public health efforts worldwide.

These vaccines work by isolating proteins associated with the pathogen, typically those on its surface. When these proteins are introduced into the body, they stimulate an immune response. If the pathogen is encountered again, the body is able to recognize and combat it. Unlike inactivated or live-attenuated vaccines, protein-based vaccines don't contain complete viruses or bacteria, so there is no possibility of the vaccine causing the disease it is intended to prevent. The established safety profile of these protein-based vaccines is an added advantage.

Since only specific parts of the pathogen are used, the chance of such vaccines causing side effects is low. Thus, they are more suitable for routine immunization programs, especially in populations that might be more susceptible to adverse reactions, such as young children or immunocompromised patients. The most common type of protein-based vaccine is the recombinant protein vaccine. In this process, scientists use genetic engineering to produce the desired protein in laboratory cells, purify it, and use that in the vaccine. One example of such a recombinant protein vaccine is the hepatitis B vaccine, developed using mass production and quality-consistent technologies.

Protein-based vaccines can be easily stored at standard refrigeration temperatures, making them simpler to ship and distribute, especially since cold chain infrastructure is not available in all regions. However, they may require adjuvants to be added to enhance their immune responses. Research into protein-based vaccines continues to hold promise for the prevention of a wide range of diseases, contributing to a healthier and more resilient global population.